Category: Том 47/2

Patrov Fеdor Vladimirovich

Caspian University of Technology and Engineering named after Sh.Yessenova

Аktau, Kazakhstan

Аnnotation. The use of the concept of adaptability is a key aspect in the selection and development of management strategies for marine diesels. Adaptability provides not only a focus on achieving goals, but also flexibility in changing conditions. Solutions are optimal only for certain conditions, a specific time and the decision-maker.

The principle of inconclusive solutions, proposed by George Gabor [1], emphasizes the need to remain ready to adjust decisions at every stage in order to guarantee future freedom of choice and compensation for undesirable consequences.

The effective application of the concept of adaptability is achieved through the use of modeling in the process of making managerial decisions. However, the practical use of modeling faces a number of problems that require careful analysis and solutions.

Key words: the concept of adaptability; control model; modeling methods; marine diesel; theory of automatic control; vector of parameters; operating conditions; observability; identifiability; adaptability.

DOI 10.56525/YCQZ6063

¹Jumasheva Kamshat Abilovna - Senior Lecturer, Department of Ecology and Geology, Yessenov University, Aktau, Kazakhstan

²Nurbaeva Farida Kuantkhanovna - Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Geology, Yessenov University, Aktau, Kazakhstan

² Volkova Irina Vladimirovna - Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences. Department of Mathematical and Natural Science Disciplines, Caspian Institute of Marine and River Transport named after Gen.-Adm. F.M. Apraksin - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution #8220;VGUVT#8221;, Astrakhan, Russian Federation

Annotation. The widespread use of the most economical biological method of wastewater treatment from organic and inorganic anthropogenic toxicants (petroleum products, pesticides, surfactants, heavy metals, chemical weapons detoxification products) in modern conditions has led to a new environmental problem – the need to find methods for neutralizing excess sludge and sediments from heavy metals (copper, lead, chromium, arsenic, mercury, zinc, etc.), high concentrations of which do not allow the use of silts and sediments in agriculture. The amount of urban wastewater and sewage sludge (OSW) is constantly growing, and at the same time the problems associated with their rational, cost-effective and environmentally safe disposal are becoming more acute. Significant areas are occupied for their storage (deposit), and environmentally safe processing and storage require the involvement of significant material and technical resources.

The article presents an analysis of methods and technologies for disinfection of sewage sludge. Qualitatively new methods of wastewater sludge dewatering are being proposed and already used are being improved. Sediments formed during wastewater treatment (sand from sand traps, sediment from primary sedimentation tanks, excess activated sludge, etc.) must be treated for the purpose of dehydration, stabilization, odor reduction, disinfection, improvement of physical and mechanical properties, ensuring the possibility of their environmentally safe disposal or placement (storage and/or burial) in the environment.

Key words: sewage sludge, waste disposal, chlorination, ultraviolet disinfection, electrolysis.

DOI 10.56525/LFGZ5287

¹ Efendiev Galib, ²Lyazzat Nurshakhanova, ²Zakenov Sembigali, ³Zakenova Amina

¹Institute of Geology of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

²Sh.Yessenov Caspian state university of technology and engineering, Аktau, Kazakhstan

³Kazakh  National Research Technical University named after K. I. Satpayev

Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract. Currently, a number of the largest oil fields in Western Kazakhstan are in the late and final stages of development, which is characterized by an objective tendency to increase the number of low-yield wells.

The development of the Zhetybai field was discovered in 1961 and is characterized by low reservoir properties, with hard-to-recover and highly viscous oils.

Throughout its development and operation, the field is carried out using unconventional methods of influencing productive deposits and is complicated by a number of factors due to the transition of the main exploited horizons to the late and final stages of development, such as the deposition of paraffin, resins, asphaltenes, high water content of oil, the difficulty of coordinating the inflow and selection of products, the need for measures to intensify the inflow, optimization of the operation of deep-pumping equipment.

Under these conditions, the analysis of the factors contributing to the increase in the fund and the problem of increasing the efficiency of operation of these facilities, profitability and ensuring the efficiency of the productive component of operation, increasing productivity and optimizing the operating modes of low-flow wells deserves serious attention and is of scientific and practical interest.

The article provides a geological and commercial analysis of the low-capacity well stock, in order to identify the main causes of low-capacity. The analysis of the history of well operation made it possible to substantiate and identify the main factors and causes influencing the formation of a low-yield well stock.

Key words: field, oil, oil recovery, analysis, wells, waterlogging, low-yield fund, operation, oil production.

DOI 10.56525/DBVW6960

Yes󠀁senzhanova Nursaule

Caspian University of Technologies and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov

Aktau, Kazakhstan

Abs󠀁tract. The use of organic carbon dioxide synthesis is an important form of modern #8220;green chemistry#8221;. The use of carbon dioxide in chemical synthesis is also of great importance in combating the greenhouse effect (the amount of carbon dioxide in greenhouse gases is more than 50%).

The carbon dioxide molecule has a low reactivity, so most of the reactions occurring in it occur only under certain conditions: the use of catalysts and harsh process conditions. In addition, some readily available simple carbon dioxide derivatives are highly active compounds. In particular, syntheses based on alkaline salts of alkyl carboxylic acids are of interest. The latter are easily synthesized by the reaction of carbon dioxide with alcoholates of alkali metals.

Pro󠀁ducts of phe󠀁nols car󠀁boxylation – hyd󠀁roxybenzoic aci󠀁ds and its der󠀁ivatives, hav󠀁e wid󠀁e usi󠀁ng as sem󠀁iproducts for obt󠀁aining pes󠀁ticides, dru󠀁gs, pho󠀁tostabizers, dye󠀁s and pol󠀁ymeric mat󠀁erials. The mos󠀁t wid󠀁espread ind󠀁ustrial pro󠀁cess for man󠀁ucfacturing of hyd󠀁roxybenzoic aci󠀁ds and its der󠀁ivatives is the Kol󠀁be-Shm󠀁itt car󠀁boxylation of alk󠀁ali met󠀁al phe󠀁noxides wit󠀁h car󠀁bon dio󠀁xide. The ser󠀁ious dra󠀁wbacks of thi󠀁s pro󠀁cess is the nee󠀁d for pri󠀁mary pre󠀁paration of dry alk󠀁ali met󠀁al phe󠀁noxides, whi󠀁ch is fra󠀁ught wit󠀁h gre󠀁at tec󠀁hnological dif󠀁ficulties: the rem󠀁oval of wat󠀁er by vac󠀁uum dis󠀁tillation and ext󠀁reme hyd󠀁roscopycity of dry alk󠀁ali met󠀁al phe󠀁noxides. Che󠀁mical syn󠀁thesis in con󠀁ditions of mic󠀁rowave irr󠀁adiation in the pre󠀁sent tim󠀁e is dyn󠀁amical dev󠀁eloping met󠀁hod of org󠀁anic syn󠀁thesis. Usi󠀁ng of mic󠀁rowave irr󠀁adiation in che󠀁mical syn󠀁thesis con󠀁nect wit󠀁h its abi󠀁lity has󠀁ten man󠀁y che󠀁mical rea󠀁ctions. Wid󠀁e pos󠀁sibility of usi󠀁ng MW-irr󠀁adiation in che󠀁mistry pro󠀁voke big int󠀁erest of inv󠀁estigation and app󠀁lied usi󠀁ng mic󠀁rowave irr󠀁adiation. In pre󠀁sent wor󠀁k mor󠀁e pre󠀁cisely opt󠀁imal con󠀁ditions of phe󠀁nol car󠀁boxylation in con󠀁ditions of mic󠀁rowave irr󠀁adiation has bee󠀁n def󠀁ined. For det󠀁ermination of inf󠀁luence of nat󠀁ure and pos󠀁ition of sub󠀁stitutes in phe󠀁nyl rin󠀁g on yie󠀁lds of tar󠀁get pro󠀁ducts the act󠀁ivity a num󠀁ber of met󠀁hyl- and hal󠀁oidsubstituted der󠀁ivatives of phe󠀁nol has bee󠀁n def󠀁ined.

Key wor󠀁ds: phenol, cresol, chlorophenol, bromophenol, fluorophenol, sodium ethyl carbonate, carboxylation, microwave irradiation, hydroxybenzoic acid, carbon dioxide, salicylic acid.󠀁󠀁

DOI 10.56525/KQZR1262

Taumova Arzhan Baidosovna, Yessengulova Albina Akzholovna

Marat Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University

Abstract. The concentration of heavy metals in vegetables is an important indicator of human health. Excessive amounts of heavy metals can be harmful to health. Determining the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables is very important for food safety and environmental protection.

The article provides an assessment of the ecological state of plant products grown in the zone of influence of industrial enterprises. As a result of the analysis of the concentration of heavy metals in vegetable crops, it was found that heavy metals exceed the MPC. The analysis was carried out using an atomic absorption spectrometer.

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is a widely used method for determining the concentration of heavy metals. This method is based on the ability of elements to absorb light of a certain wavelength. Determining the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables using atomic absorption spectrometry consists of several stages. Data obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry are analyzed using special software. The results allow you to determine the concentration of heavy metals (for example, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, etc.) in the sample. The atomic absorption spectrometry method is a very effective tool for determining the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables. Its sensitivity, speed and accuracy allow it to be widely used in analytical chemistry.

Determining the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables is important for food safety and human health protection. Atomic absorption spectrometry and other modern methods make it possible to perform this task accurately and reliably. Food safety can be ensured by observing maximum permissible concentrations. Determining the concentration of heavy metals in vegetables - food safety and environmental protection, ensuring the use of environmentally friendly products for future generations. Modern analytical methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry, make it possible to accurately determine the concentration of heavy metals, which, in turn, helps ensure safety for health and the environment. Contamination can be prevented and food quality improved by taking steps to reduce heavy metal concentrations.

Key words: trace elements; industrial enterprises; atomic-absorption spectrometer; heavy metals; chrome; soil; vegetables; beets; carrots; potatoes.

DOI 10.56525/WKMK6893

Tugelbay Aibek Abdigali

Arashova Nabat Kozhabilmesovna

Sh. Yessenov Caspian University of Technologies and Engineering

Annotation: In philosophy, the philosophy of freedom is one of the most relevant and interesting problems. Over time, the relevance of the problem of freedom became more and more relevant and was viewed from new angles. Looking back at the history of philosophy, we can say that the problem of freedom in it is multifaceted, because although man is simultaneously a biological species manifestation, and not free and free, on the other hand, he is limited by socio-legal relations. Despite the significant number of these definitions of history, a single idea of freedom has not been formed. Because freedom is a real and relative concept. The difference, the degree of freedom in terms of Western and Eastern worldviews is also different. From the Western point of view, the phenomenon of freedom is associated with the category of personal choice and human will, whereas from the eastern point of view, this phenomenon is determined by the freedom of the state, country and people.

The article reveals the meaning of the philosophical views that define freedom. The definitions given by the philosophers are explained. Definitions range from arbitrariness to perceived necessity. The issue of freedom in the 21st century should be considered as the main value of human existence in modern society. At the same time, interaction between people plays a special role. If we consider it from the point of view of the content of human inner freedom, then in the conditions of modern socio-cultural modernization, the role of responsibility in its manifestation in the form of freedom of choice is high.

Keywords: Philosophy, freedom, the idea of freedom, man, being, will, knowledge, competence

DOI 10.56525/DORW5542

Baishov Bakhyt Batyrbekovich

K.Zhubanov Aktobe regional university

Annotation. Today, stakeholders of the media space of Kazakhstan perceive the issue of art and culture in a very narrow sense. The phrases#8221; masters of art#8221;,#8221; artful #8221; are used in accordance with the song and dance, tune. This is a root error. The concepts of art and culture are not interchangeable. That is, the scope and field of the terms #8220;culture#8221; and #8220;art#8221; are two different. Because art permeates culture with its branches. In our article, we mentioned the need to enrich, promote and promote the Kazakh culture by innovating art. Not through songs and dances, but through education and work, we opened a new path to art, explained its impact on the spiritual and economic development of our country. However, the problem of reviving national traditions in art and culture is not as easy as we think. With globalization, the reduction of cultural boundaries sees innovation as an enemy. What should I do? Is it better to strive for civilization with original art or, with a conservative approach, to lead only the historical arts of the country unchanged?!

It is clear that every state has a spiritual and moral support. The new generation, which forms the modern character of modern Kazakhstan, takes the idea of #8220;an educated person is an advanced-minded person#8221;, proposed by such educated sons of the Kazakh people as Abay, Shakarim, Ibray Altynsarin, Akhmet Baitursynovich, who spread philosophy, education and science in the vast steppe of the XIX-XX centuries as a #8220;motivation for development#8221;.

The name of the tradition is tradition. We agree with him. However, the negative trends that are reflected in today#8217;s media space, problems, making a lot of money without working and working, meaningless traditions and other ideas are becoming more and more established in Kazakh society. These negative trends are gaining strength day by day, because there are many. However, if we are only a tradition, without opening the breath of art, without finding it, we have nothing but stubbornness. Even in countries that have experienced a major economic leap in eastern Asia, knowing that art has given a field for innovation, not tradition, and we see the results, we still have a bad desire to take the path of change from the usual course of life. To do this, we must first learn about art, its place in the history of society, its impact on development.

That is, the difference between tradition and innovation is that it benefits a person. This is the essence of a new approach to art. The article provides an overview of this issue.

Key words: Tradition, Innovation, Art, worldview, culture, stakeholders, information

DOI 10.56525/IDNI2830

Spatayeva Saltanat Toilybekovna

Department of #8220;Kazakh Philology#8221;, Master of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Lecturer

Caspian University of Technology and Engineering. Sh. Esenova, Aktau, Kazakhstan.

Annotation. The ancient historical information and linguistic units preserved in the onomastic units of the genealogical written heritage born in Kazakhstan and Central Asia were identified, and their versions in the modern Kazakh language were studied. Today#8217;s demand to determine the place of the Kazakh language among the Turkic languages and to collect the ones related to us, while talking about the lexical-semantic, lexical-grammatical units of the onomastic units in the writings, as well as the history of their origin and connection with the ancient Turkic writings. Attention was also paid to the fact that onomastic units are created according to the grammatical laws typical of that period, they are created from root words and grammatical categories.

Key words: onomastics, anthroponym, ethnonym, toponym, vocabulary, semantics, Turkish names, Kazakh names, genealogy, etc.

DOI 10.56525/CSRH9667

Koshimova B.A., Mendalieva S.O., Sharipova A.B., Janisenova A.M.

Caspian Universitytechnologies and engineering named after. Sh. Yessenova

Kazakhstan, Aktau

Annotation. The idea of ​​this study is to study international experience in personnel training and develop regional standards to determine advanced staffing, theoretical, methodological and scientific-methodological foundations for advanced training of specialists using the method of foresight forecasting of the labor market, mapping the needs for new professions, developing educational programs, developing proposals for updating professional standards, including providing organizational and methodological support for the implementation of regional standards for advanced staffing of the labor market.

One of the tools for increasing the efficiency of human capital management is long-term forecasting and planning of competencies that will be in demand in the future (Skills Anticipation) and their advanced preparation at the level of the country, region, and industry. Developed countries have advanced in this direction in recent years, especially in terms of creating a system for identifying in-demand and promising qualifications and professions in the labor market and accumulating a significant empirical base [1].

This makes it relevant to study the experience of foreign countries both in the field of forming a system of advanced personnel training and in specific updating (changing) professions, which can be implemented in domestic practice.

Key words: foresight, rapid foresight, forecasting, regional standard atlas of new professions, competence of research objects.

DOI 10.56525/AHZQ8387

M.Zhumabaev, A. Shyrakbaev

International Taraz innovative institute named after Sh. Murtaza

Taraz, Kazakhstan

Annotation. An orthotropic cylindrical with a heavy elastic filler of finite length with a tension (- specific gravity of the filler) is considered. The filler has the shape of a hollow cylinder or cone. Along the outer surface, the filler is rigidly bonded to the shell so that the displacement vector and stress vector change continuously during the transition from the filler to the shell.

Key words: Cylindrical shell, stress, loaded surface, triangle, bond.

DOI 10.56525/YEWW7188